Selection logic, retrofit economics and mother-liquor yield — articles from three lines: technology deep-dives on evaporator and crystallizer selection, application solutions for specific wastewaters and process duties, and anonymized project case studies. New articles are published continuously.
Technology ArticlesApplication SolutionsProject Case Studies
Bayer-route and precipitation-route aluminum hydroxide: particle engineering controls product value, washing governs sodium residuals, and spin-flash drying converts wet filter cake to powder –
Heat pump evaporators and TVR ejectors cut evaporation energy 30-50% by upgrading heat you already have. Guide covers the refrigeration cycle, TVR vs MVR
Representative design configuration of a double-effect falling-film evaporator concentrating 32% sodium hydroxide to 50%: nickel heating tubes against caustic corrosion, carbon steel shells, 160
Evaporation and concentration of lithium precipitation mother liquor recovers residual lithium, crystallizes sodium sulfate by-product, and returns clean condensate — the MVR-based route to
An FC (forced-circulation) crystallizer is the industrial workhorse for high-viscosity, fouling-prone and impurity-laden liquors. This guide explains its structure, working cycle, key design parameters,
Representative configuration of a 10 t/h sodium sulfate train in East China combining evaporation with freeze crystallization to recover Glauber salt and mother-liquor recycle
Battery-grade lithium carbonate plants built on MVR evaporation, hot precipitation crystallization, sodium sulfate by-product recovery and rotary drying – 30,000 TPA reference practice.
Representative configuration of a 10 t/h MVR evaporation crystallization plant producing sodium sulfate salt in Uzbekistan (Central Asia) from local sulfate brine or solution
Ammonium sulfate recovery by MVR evaporation crystallization and neutralization: by-product sources, 1.6-2 mm large-particle crystallization, route selection, drying, and ZLD economics.
Natural circulation, forced circulation, falling film vs rising film, multi-effect and MVR evaporators compared: heat-transfer coefficients, energy 0.1-1.5 kWh/kg, CAPEX, maintenance, plus a 16
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